MECHANISM OF ACTION OF LYMPHOCYTES

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Monohybrid cross Andmonohybrid ratio :- Def : A cross between two pure (homozygous) parents having a single pair of contrasting characters is used or studied is called as monohybrid cross, and ratio obtained from monohybrid cross  is called as monohybrid ratio. (Phenotypic ratio = 3:1 & Genotypic ratio = 1;2;1 ) This experiment involving 3 steps - In first step (I) - Mendel selected pure tall pea plant as a female parent and pure Dwarf pea plant as a male parent. He confirmed whether they are true breeding or not by selfing them for three generations. In step second (II) -      Mendel performed artificial cross between female and male parent which were Tall & Dwarf.      Mendel expecting progeny obtained from parent will be intermediate height or 50 % Tall &        50%  dwarf but he surprised and found all were Tall in F 1   generation (Tt).    He started thinking, where...
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Modern concept of Gene             “ The terms “muton,” “cistron,” and “recon” were proposed by the American geneticist S. Benzer in 1957 to describe a definite gene function.” CISTRON - A segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain; it can include regions preceding and following the coding DNA as well as introns between the exons. It is considered a unit of heredity; "genes were formerly called factors". It is the smallest unit functioning as a transmitter of genetic information. In modern molecular genetics the cistron is essentially synonymous with the gene. It can include regions preceding and following the coding DNA as well as introns.   A DNA segment corresponding to one polypeptide chain plus the start-and-stop codon. The smallest unit of genetic material that must be intact to function as a transmitter of genetic information; as traditionaly construed, approximately synonymous wi...
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